Primary Sources
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Bataan Map. University of Texas Library, Austin. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.lib. utexas.edu/maps/historical/engineers_v1_1947/bataan_2nd_battle_1942.jpg>.
This map of the battle of Bataan shows the routes of the U.S. soldiers. I used this picture on my “Pacific War” page on my website.
Carl Sagan on the Nuclear Arms Race. Narr. Carl Sagan. 1983. ABC. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdYMLq7NY_M>.
This video gave me two clips for my website. One of them explains the nuclear arms race and what should be done and the other one talks about why the U.S. is still participating in the arms race.
Coleman, Joseph. "U.S., Japan still debates Hiroshima: Did the use of the atomic bomb ultimately prevent even more deaths?" The Houston Chronicle. 6 Aug. 2005, 3 star ed.: A21. LexisNexis. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
In this newspaper article, a Hiroshima survivor argues the bombing of Hiroshima was unnecessary. The article says that Truman wanted to test out two different types of bombs to see which one was more destructive. It gives other possibilities instead of dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. I used this newspaper article for my “Opposition” page and my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Compton, Arthur. "Would a Demonstration be Possible? Compton's Recollection of an Interim Committee Discussion ." Project of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Nuclear Files, 31 May 1945. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This article has Arthur Compton’s recollection of an Interim Committee meeting. Arthur Compton suggested that instead of dropping the bomb on Hiroshima, the U.S. should demonstrate the power of the atomic bomb to the Japanese. The committee turned down his idea because they thought it would be too risky to demonstrate the bomb, in case of failure. I used this source for evidence that the bombing of Hiroshima was unnecessary.
The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Online Research Files. Truman Library, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. <http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/studycollections/bomb/large/index.php>.
This website provided me with lots of notes made by the President about the Potsdam Conference and the Interim committee. I used some quotes from this source.
Elert, Glenn. Albert Einstein's Letters to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Hypertext 20 Feb. 1997. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. <http://hypertextbook.com/eworld/Einstein.shtml>.
This website showed me the four letters sent to FDR about the atomic bomb. It made me see how urgent and how worried Leo Szilard was that Germany was going to get the bomb.
The Final Months of the War with Japan. CIA, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. <https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/the-final-months-of-the-war-with-japan-signals-intelligence-u-s-invasion-planning-and-the-a-bomb-decision/ csi9810001.html>.
This website gave me a lot of detailed information of the planned invasion of Japan, detailed information on the decision to use the bomb, and detailed information on the Potsdam conference and the Japanese military. I used this information as background for my "Opposition" page.
Groves, Leslie R. "Memorandum for the Secretary of War." Leslie. R. Groves to Henry Stimson . Truman Library and Museum, 18 July 1945. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. <http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-07-18&documentid=2&studycollectionid= abomb&pagenumber=1>.
This document written by Leslie R. Groves, the director of the Manhattan Project, was the report Stimson received on the atomic bomb test in New Mexico. He describes the atomic bomb very well so it gave me an idea about the devastation of the bomb. I used this report on my website where ever I mention the destruction.
Hartman, Diane. "The Real Cold War: A Red-Hot Arms Race how the U.S. and Russia Persuaded Themselves to Stockpile Mountains of Nukes." Denver Post: 0. Oct 21 2007. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
This radio show discussed the Cold War and the defenses the U.S. and Russia put up to signal if the other country tried to launch a missile. It spoke about the fear of utter destruction at any moment. I used this radio talk show as the foundation of my "Soviet Relations/Cold War" page.
Hiroshima Aftermath. Britannica Online. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://media-web.britannica.com/eb-media/28/76528-004-22682C6D.jpg>.
This picture of the aftermath of Hiroshima shows the utter destruction of Hiroshima. It gives a clear picture of what the atomic bomb could do and what it might do if it is used improperly. I used this picture on my “Casualties and Damage” page.
"HIROSHIMA; Justified Bombings? A Survivor's Reply." New York Times: 1.10. Aug 06 1995. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013 <http://libproxy.boisestate.edu/ login?url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/430305583?accountid=9649>.
This interview showed me the thoughts of one Hiroshima atomic bomb survivor. He argues that America’s intentions weren’t to end the war. I used this interview on my “Opposition” page of my website.
Interview with Colonel. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= X7Pt215DLio>.
This interview with Colonel Paul Tibbits, the pilot of the Enola Gay, tells what he saw and felt about the atomic explosion over Hiroshima. I used the video clip of his interview on my “Dropping the Bomb” page.
Iwo Jima. Fox News. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://a57.foxnews.com/global.fncstatic.com/ static/managed/img/0/371/iwojima12m.jpg>.
This famous picture of a group of soldiers raising the flag after the victory of Iwo Jima is used to show the battles of World War II. I used this photograph on my “Pacific War” page.
Jennings, Peter, narr. Hiroshima: Why the Bomb was Dropped. 1996. ABC News. DVD-ROM.
This video of the bombing of Pearl Harbor shows why the U.S. entered World War II. You can see the damage of the attack on Pearl Harbor. I used this video on my “Pacific War” page.
"Letters to Franklin D. Roosevelt." Albert Einstein Archives. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013 <http://alberteinstein.info/vufind1/Search/Results?lookfor=Letters +to+franklin+d.+Roosevelt+&&submit=Find>.
This website gave me the letters and replies from FDR. I used this website to find out how FDR felt about the letters. It contains letters that FDR and Einstein sent to each other concerning the atomic bomb.
Miller, Judith. "The Melted Dog: Memories of an Atomic Childhood." New York Times: 0. Mar 30 2005. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013 .
This recollection of a person’s childhood showed me how people used to live during the Cold War. This person discusses the consequences of atomic radiation and how a town nearly got wiped out because of a nuclear weapons test. I used this background information for my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Pearl Harbor Attack. Navy Heritage. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. <http://www.history.navy.mil/ photos/images/g10000/g19930.jpg>.
This picture of Pearl Harbor after it got bombed shows the damage resulting from the attack. I used this picture on my “Pacific War” page.
Re-Examining the Cold War Arms Race. Philadelphia, United States, Philadelphia: National Public Radio, 2010. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
This radio show discussed the Cold War in detail. An author who served under Ronald Regan and wrote a book on the nuclear arms race was interviewed. I used some of this information when writing my “Soviet Relations/Cold War” page.
Roosevelt, Franklin D. "Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." American Rhetoric: Top 100 Speeches. American Rhetoric, 8 Dec. 1941. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm>.
This short video clip shows the hatred for Japan the day after they bombed Pearl Harbor. FDR asked Congress to declare war on Japan. I used this video clip on my “Pacific War” page.
Smith, Jenn. "Hiroshima Survivor Tells Atomic Horror Story." Berkshire Eagle 6 Apr. 2011. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. <http://www.berkshireeagle.com/ci_17780099>.
This newspaper article talks about a survivor who was six years old when Hiroshima was bombed. He explains what happened. He was lucky to survive the bombing, because the power of the bomb was so immense. I used this newspaper article when writing my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Soviet Atomic Bomb. New York Times, New York. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/images/photo/2008/12/08/120908-Bomb/26028687.JPG>.
This photograph of the Soviet’s first atomic bomb illustrates the race to produce nuclear weapons. I used this photograph on my “Soviet Relations/Cold War” page.
Sputnik. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbAXkWPasYw>.
This video of the launch of Sputnik shows the space race and the Cold War. I used this video on my “Soviet Relations/Cold War” page.
Stimson, Henry L. "The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb." Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb (2009): 1. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
In this paper, Henry L. Stimson, the Secretary of War, says why Truman dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It showed me Stimson’s opinion of the atomic bomb. I used this paper for my “Justification” page.
Takehiko Kambayashi. Contributor to The Christian Science Monitor. "Hiroshima Survivors: 'Never Forget'; Saturday Marks the 60th Anniversary of the Dropping of the Atomic Bomb." The Christian Science Monitor: 04. Aug 05 2005. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013 .
In this article, a survivor of the bombing of Hiroshima is interviewed and asked what it felt like to be hit with the atomic explosion. It gave me a personalized view of the atomic bombing and its effects. I used this on my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Trinity Test. 2009. Bouncy 1988, 2009. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Ru2PWmGIoB8&list=PLFDC34B0310A6E2C4>.
This video shows the Trinity Test of the atomic bomb. This video shows the power of the atomic bomb. I used this video on my “Developing the Bomb” page.
Truman, Harry S., Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek. "The Potsdam Declaration (July 26, 1945)." Asia for Educators. Columbia University, 26 July 1945. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/potsdam.pdf>.
The Potsdam Declaration called for Japan’s unconditional surrender. I attached a copy of this declaration on my “Justification” page.
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Bataan Map. University of Texas Library, Austin. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.lib. utexas.edu/maps/historical/engineers_v1_1947/bataan_2nd_battle_1942.jpg>.
This map of the battle of Bataan shows the routes of the U.S. soldiers. I used this picture on my “Pacific War” page on my website.
Carl Sagan on the Nuclear Arms Race. Narr. Carl Sagan. 1983. ABC. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdYMLq7NY_M>.
This video gave me two clips for my website. One of them explains the nuclear arms race and what should be done and the other one talks about why the U.S. is still participating in the arms race.
Coleman, Joseph. "U.S., Japan still debates Hiroshima: Did the use of the atomic bomb ultimately prevent even more deaths?" The Houston Chronicle. 6 Aug. 2005, 3 star ed.: A21. LexisNexis. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
In this newspaper article, a Hiroshima survivor argues the bombing of Hiroshima was unnecessary. The article says that Truman wanted to test out two different types of bombs to see which one was more destructive. It gives other possibilities instead of dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. I used this newspaper article for my “Opposition” page and my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Compton, Arthur. "Would a Demonstration be Possible? Compton's Recollection of an Interim Committee Discussion ." Project of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Nuclear Files, 31 May 1945. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This article has Arthur Compton’s recollection of an Interim Committee meeting. Arthur Compton suggested that instead of dropping the bomb on Hiroshima, the U.S. should demonstrate the power of the atomic bomb to the Japanese. The committee turned down his idea because they thought it would be too risky to demonstrate the bomb, in case of failure. I used this source for evidence that the bombing of Hiroshima was unnecessary.
The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Online Research Files. Truman Library, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. <http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/studycollections/bomb/large/index.php>.
This website provided me with lots of notes made by the President about the Potsdam Conference and the Interim committee. I used some quotes from this source.
Elert, Glenn. Albert Einstein's Letters to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Hypertext 20 Feb. 1997. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. <http://hypertextbook.com/eworld/Einstein.shtml>.
This website showed me the four letters sent to FDR about the atomic bomb. It made me see how urgent and how worried Leo Szilard was that Germany was going to get the bomb.
The Final Months of the War with Japan. CIA, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. <https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/the-final-months-of-the-war-with-japan-signals-intelligence-u-s-invasion-planning-and-the-a-bomb-decision/ csi9810001.html>.
This website gave me a lot of detailed information of the planned invasion of Japan, detailed information on the decision to use the bomb, and detailed information on the Potsdam conference and the Japanese military. I used this information as background for my "Opposition" page.
Groves, Leslie R. "Memorandum for the Secretary of War." Leslie. R. Groves to Henry Stimson . Truman Library and Museum, 18 July 1945. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. <http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-07-18&documentid=2&studycollectionid= abomb&pagenumber=1>.
This document written by Leslie R. Groves, the director of the Manhattan Project, was the report Stimson received on the atomic bomb test in New Mexico. He describes the atomic bomb very well so it gave me an idea about the devastation of the bomb. I used this report on my website where ever I mention the destruction.
Hartman, Diane. "The Real Cold War: A Red-Hot Arms Race how the U.S. and Russia Persuaded Themselves to Stockpile Mountains of Nukes." Denver Post: 0. Oct 21 2007. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
This radio show discussed the Cold War and the defenses the U.S. and Russia put up to signal if the other country tried to launch a missile. It spoke about the fear of utter destruction at any moment. I used this radio talk show as the foundation of my "Soviet Relations/Cold War" page.
Hiroshima Aftermath. Britannica Online. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://media-web.britannica.com/eb-media/28/76528-004-22682C6D.jpg>.
This picture of the aftermath of Hiroshima shows the utter destruction of Hiroshima. It gives a clear picture of what the atomic bomb could do and what it might do if it is used improperly. I used this picture on my “Casualties and Damage” page.
"HIROSHIMA; Justified Bombings? A Survivor's Reply." New York Times: 1.10. Aug 06 1995. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013 <http://libproxy.boisestate.edu/ login?url= http://search.proquest.com/docview/430305583?accountid=9649>.
This interview showed me the thoughts of one Hiroshima atomic bomb survivor. He argues that America’s intentions weren’t to end the war. I used this interview on my “Opposition” page of my website.
Interview with Colonel. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= X7Pt215DLio>.
This interview with Colonel Paul Tibbits, the pilot of the Enola Gay, tells what he saw and felt about the atomic explosion over Hiroshima. I used the video clip of his interview on my “Dropping the Bomb” page.
Iwo Jima. Fox News. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://a57.foxnews.com/global.fncstatic.com/ static/managed/img/0/371/iwojima12m.jpg>.
This famous picture of a group of soldiers raising the flag after the victory of Iwo Jima is used to show the battles of World War II. I used this photograph on my “Pacific War” page.
Jennings, Peter, narr. Hiroshima: Why the Bomb was Dropped. 1996. ABC News. DVD-ROM.
This video of the bombing of Pearl Harbor shows why the U.S. entered World War II. You can see the damage of the attack on Pearl Harbor. I used this video on my “Pacific War” page.
"Letters to Franklin D. Roosevelt." Albert Einstein Archives. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013 <http://alberteinstein.info/vufind1/Search/Results?lookfor=Letters +to+franklin+d.+Roosevelt+&&submit=Find>.
This website gave me the letters and replies from FDR. I used this website to find out how FDR felt about the letters. It contains letters that FDR and Einstein sent to each other concerning the atomic bomb.
Miller, Judith. "The Melted Dog: Memories of an Atomic Childhood." New York Times: 0. Mar 30 2005. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013 .
This recollection of a person’s childhood showed me how people used to live during the Cold War. This person discusses the consequences of atomic radiation and how a town nearly got wiped out because of a nuclear weapons test. I used this background information for my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Pearl Harbor Attack. Navy Heritage. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. <http://www.history.navy.mil/ photos/images/g10000/g19930.jpg>.
This picture of Pearl Harbor after it got bombed shows the damage resulting from the attack. I used this picture on my “Pacific War” page.
Re-Examining the Cold War Arms Race. Philadelphia, United States, Philadelphia: National Public Radio, 2010. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
This radio show discussed the Cold War in detail. An author who served under Ronald Regan and wrote a book on the nuclear arms race was interviewed. I used some of this information when writing my “Soviet Relations/Cold War” page.
Roosevelt, Franklin D. "Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." American Rhetoric: Top 100 Speeches. American Rhetoric, 8 Dec. 1941. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm>.
This short video clip shows the hatred for Japan the day after they bombed Pearl Harbor. FDR asked Congress to declare war on Japan. I used this video clip on my “Pacific War” page.
Smith, Jenn. "Hiroshima Survivor Tells Atomic Horror Story." Berkshire Eagle 6 Apr. 2011. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. <http://www.berkshireeagle.com/ci_17780099>.
This newspaper article talks about a survivor who was six years old when Hiroshima was bombed. He explains what happened. He was lucky to survive the bombing, because the power of the bomb was so immense. I used this newspaper article when writing my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Soviet Atomic Bomb. New York Times, New York. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/images/photo/2008/12/08/120908-Bomb/26028687.JPG>.
This photograph of the Soviet’s first atomic bomb illustrates the race to produce nuclear weapons. I used this photograph on my “Soviet Relations/Cold War” page.
Sputnik. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbAXkWPasYw>.
This video of the launch of Sputnik shows the space race and the Cold War. I used this video on my “Soviet Relations/Cold War” page.
Stimson, Henry L. "The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb." Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb (2009): 1. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web. 19 Jan. 2013.
In this paper, Henry L. Stimson, the Secretary of War, says why Truman dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It showed me Stimson’s opinion of the atomic bomb. I used this paper for my “Justification” page.
Takehiko Kambayashi. Contributor to The Christian Science Monitor. "Hiroshima Survivors: 'Never Forget'; Saturday Marks the 60th Anniversary of the Dropping of the Atomic Bomb." The Christian Science Monitor: 04. Aug 05 2005. ProQuest Central. Web. 19 Jan. 2013 .
In this article, a survivor of the bombing of Hiroshima is interviewed and asked what it felt like to be hit with the atomic explosion. It gave me a personalized view of the atomic bombing and its effects. I used this on my “Casualties and Damage” page.
Trinity Test. 2009. Bouncy 1988, 2009. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Ru2PWmGIoB8&list=PLFDC34B0310A6E2C4>.
This video shows the Trinity Test of the atomic bomb. This video shows the power of the atomic bomb. I used this video on my “Developing the Bomb” page.
Truman, Harry S., Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek. "The Potsdam Declaration (July 26, 1945)." Asia for Educators. Columbia University, 26 July 1945. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/potsdam.pdf>.
The Potsdam Declaration called for Japan’s unconditional surrender. I attached a copy of this declaration on my “Justification” page.
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